TREASURY STOCKS

TREASURY STOCKS

When a company's issued or sold stocks is reacquired afterwhich held in its name  rather than formally retired ,  it is referred to TREASURY STOCKS.

These treasury stocks may be subsequently be re issued or sold or formally retired..

Treasury stock should not be viewed as an asset, instead, it should be reported as reduction to the owners equity . It does not confer upon the corporation stockholders right, such as dividends or voting rights.
Treasury shares may or may not participate in stock dividends, or stock splits,

The acquisition of treasury stocks decreases the number of shares outstanding, while reissuing it increases the number of shares outstanding, but the legal capital is not changed  either by the reacquistion or reissuance.

there is no income or less on the reacquisition , reissuance or retirement .   Howver, the retained earnings can be decreased by the treasury stock transactions , but is never increased by such transactions.

TWO METHODS   ON HOW TO RECORD TREASURY TRANSACTIONS

1.  COST METHOD    -    the purchase or reacquisition is recorded by debiting treasury stock account for the cost of the purchase  and crediting cash.

   TREASURY STOCK ( actual price x no of shares
                      cash 

             the cost is determined by the CURRENT MARKET PRICE OF THE STOCK  and is not necessary tied to the original issue price when it was sold.
   the balance of the treasury stock is deducted from the stockholders equity as a separate amount..

   when it will be finally RETIRED , the debit balance in the treasury stock is CREDITED and the debits are  allocated proportionately to the appropriate CAPITAL STOCK., PAID IN CAPITAL, and  RETAINED EARNINGS as ff

1.  debited amount for capital stock is  number shares retired  x  par value, this is to reduce the stocks outstanding.
2.  debit paid in capital account :   no. of shares retired divided by outstanding shares x balance of paid in capital accounts.( why debit this account , because this treasury when this was originally issued may have created the paid in capital , hence , this is debited to paid in capital.
3.  the balance is debited to retained earnings.( this is not to distort the profit and loss statement since this transaction is not an ordinary expense.

If the treasury stock is subsequently sold, the difference between  acquisition cost when it was reacquired  and the selling price is  credited to PAID IN CAPITAL .

 the entry is , if sold  at book value.
 
               CASH        
                        TREASURY STOCK   ( no. of share x price when it was reacquired)


  entry if sold more than book value

            CASH
                     TREASURY STOCK (  shares sold x acquisition cost)
                     PAID IN CAPITAL FROM TREASURY( excess of price vs. acquisition cost x shares sold)

IF SOLD LESS THAN BOOK VALUE

      CASH
       PAID IN  capital from treasury ( this is debited if there is previous credit to this account  caused by sale of treasury stock. before , if none then debited to retiained earnings.
                    TREASURY STOCK

if the stockholders equity increase due to sale of treasury stock , a paid in capital account such as PAID IN CAPITAL FROM TREASURY STOCK  IS CREDITED.
 ,
IF THE stockholder equity is decreased  due to sale less than its acquisition cost,  PAID CAPITAL IS DEBITED TO THE EXTENT OF A CREDIT TO PAID CAPITAL PREVIOUSLY RECORDED because it was sold previously at more than the acquisition cost.

if no previous sale made where a paid in capital was registered, and the subsequent sale was made at below acquisition cost then the whole difference between the cash and the value of treasurry stock is debited to retained earnings.

EXAMPLE:  THE OUTSTANDING SHARES IS 10,000 SHARES  10 PAR VALUE, BUT SOLD AT 15.00 SO THERE IS A PAID IN CAPITAL OF 50,000

1.      1000 SHARES WAS REACQUIRED AT 16.00 PER SHARE.

      TREASURY STOCK              16,000
               CASH                                          16,000

2.  SOLD 200 OF TREASURY STOCK AT  20.00, OR 4.00 MORE THAN BOOK VALUE.

          CASH                  4,000
                TREASURY STOCK                       3,200
                PAID IN CAPITAL TREASURY         800  ( 4  X 200)

3.  SOLD 500 AT 14  OR  2.00 LESS THAN THE ACQUISITION COST OF 16.00

             CASH                                            7,000
              PAID IN CAPITAL                         800   taken from previous credit when some were sold
              retained earnings                               200
                          treasury stock                                8,000

4.  RETIRED  300 SHARES  THE REMAINING TREASURY STOCK

              CAPITAL STOCK    300 X 10                                  3,000
               PAID IN CAPITAL  300 divide 10,000 x 50,000      1,500                       
               retained earnings                                                            300
                         treasury stock (   300 x 16.00)                                      4,800

IN THE PRESENTATION OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY,  PRIOR TO REACQUISITION AND SALE  ,THE  TREASURY STOCK IS SHOWN AS A DEDUCTION NOT ON THE CAPITAL STOCK BUT IN A SEPARATE  ITEM.

      COMMON STOCK                                        100,000
       PAID N  CAPITAL                                           50,000
             TOTAL                                                      150,000
        RETAINED EARNINGS                                  30,000
        LESS : TREASURY STOCK                          ( 16,000)
       STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY                           164,000

+++++++++++=======================================================

2.  PAR OR STATED VALUE METHOD OF ACCOUNTING  TREASURY STOCK.

    If the par value method is used , the purchase of treasury stock is regarded as a WITHDRAWAL of group of stockholders.   Similarly the sale of  reissuance of treasury stock, under this method is viewed as the ADMISSION OF NEW GROUP OF STOCKHOLDERS

THUS THE  REACQUISITION AND SALE ARE VIEWED AS SEPARATE TRANSACTIONS.

USING THE ABOVE EXAMPLE, THE FOLLOWING ENTRIES ARE MADE.
1.   REACQUISITION:

         TREASURY STOCK     ( 1,000 X 10                                               10,000
          PAID IN CAPITAL IN EXCESS OF PAR( 1000/10000 X 50,00                     6,000
                  CASH                       1,000 X 16                                                             16,000                                           

2.  SELL   200 AT 20.00 PER SHARE

             CASH                                          4,000
                      TREASURY STOCK ( 200 X 10 )             2,000
                       PAID IN CAPITAL TREAS. STOCK       2,000

3. SELL 500  AT 14.00

             CASH                                       7,000
                        TREASURY STOCK                      5,000
                        PAID IN CAPITAL TREA.STOCK   2,000

4.   RETIRED THE REMAINING 300

                CAPITAL STOCK                 3,000
                          TREASURY STOCK                 3,000               


+=================================================================

EXERCISES:  1

    the stockholder equity as of dec.  1995 is shown below
 
        common stock , 15.00 par , 240,000 shares outstanding             3,600,000
        paid in capital in excess of par                                                        480,000
        retained earnings                                                                            900,000

Jan 1996, reacquired 15,000 shares at 16.00.

these treasury stocks were disposed as ff:
   JUly 1, sold, 5,000 at 20.00
  aug 1   sold  7,000  at 14.00
sept retired 1,000.

required : using cost method.  prepare entries
              prepare stockholders equity dec. 1996,  with retained earnings 1,005,000 before treasury stocks transaction..
             USING PAR VALUE METHOD ., prepare the same
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ENTRIES IF COST METHOD

1.     TREASURY STOCK                                    240,000
                 CASH                                                              240,000

2.     CASH                                        100,000
              TREASURY STOCKS                        80,000
               PAID IN CAPITAL TREA. STOCK  20,000

3.    CASH                                      98,000
       PAID IN CAPITAL                  14,000
                  TREASURY                               112,000

4.    CAPITAL                                15,000
        PAID IN CAPITAL                  1,000
                  TREASURY STOCK               16,000

     COMMON   240,000 , 15 PAR VALUE                                 ?
      PAID IN CAPITAL                                                                ?
          TOTAL                                                                               ?
           RETAINED EARNINGS                                                   ?
         less:  TREASURY STOCKS                                                ?
        TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
=================================================================
EXPLANATIONS


1..   IN COST METHOD, YOU RECORD THE REACQUISITION BASED ON WHATEVER PRICE IT IS PAID.

2. WHEY IT IS TOTALLY SOLD AT ONE TIME,  SAY AT BELOW THE REACQUISITION COST , CHARGE THE DIFFERENCE TO TWO ACCOUNTS : ONE  DEBIT TO PAID IN CAPITAL TO THE EXTENT OF  RATIO OF THE SOLD QTY OVER THE TOTAL SHARES OUTSTANDING , THE RESULTING RATIO X  THE EXISTING PAID IN CAPITAL, THE BALANCE DEBIT TO RETAINED EARNINGS.

                       CASH
                       PAID IN CAPITAL
                       RETAINED EARNINGS
                                     TREASURY

3. HOWEVER IF SOLD AT ONE TIME SAY ABOVE COST, THEN CREDIT THE DIFFERENCE TO PAID IN CAPITAL.

                CASH
                           TREASURY
                            PAID IN CAP
 


4. IF NO. 2 AND 3  DID NOT HAPPEN, BUT  IN NO. 2, PARTIAL OF THE TREASURY STOCKS WAS SOLD ABOVE ACQUISITION COST  THEN, THE SAME ENTRY MADE IN NO. 3

5. IF SUBSEQUENT TO THE SALES ABOVE ACQUISITION , A SALE WAS MADE AT BELOW COST , THEN THE FF: IS THE ENTRY AND THE AMOUNT TO BE USED.

                    CASH.
                     PAID IN CAPITAL  ( the amount will be to extent of the credit made in no. 3., the balance goes or absorb by the retained earnings.
                     RETAINED EARNINGS
                                  TREASURY

6.  the remaining treasury stocks if sold in whole , at below cost, then the debit amount for the paid in capital  will  (  remaining shares/ outstanding x paid in capital original.)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

IF    USING PAR VALUE METHOD, THESE ARE THE ENTRIES.


1.   TREASURY STOCK                          225,000
             ?                                                         ?                        15,000/275,000 X 480,000
       RETAINED EARNINGS                        ?     
                CASH                                                         240,000                               
                                                          
2.  CASH                                                   100,000
                     TREASURY                                            75,000
                           ?                                                         25,000

3.  CASH                                                            98,000
        ?                                                                    7,000
                      TREASURY STOCKS                                 105,000

4.    CAPITAL STOCK                                       15,000
                       TREASURY STOCKS                                   15,000

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
EXPLANATIONS:  FOR USING PAR VALUE:

 1.  IN USING PAR VALUE YOU DEBIT OR CREDIT THE TREASURY STOCK ACCOUNT  USING PAR VALUE AND NOT THE MARKET PRICE .
2.. WHEN THE TREASURY STOCK IS SOLD AT BELOW PAR VALUE , IT IS DEBITED TO PAID IN CAPITAL , BUT ITS AMOUNT IS NOT DEPENDING ON THE PREVIOUS SALES WHERE THERE IS A CREDIT TO PAID IN CAPITAL THAT IS IT WAS SOLD AT ABOVE COST , UNLIKE IN COST METHOD.


EXERCISE 3.

Bantex company stockholders equity 1996 are given below

 1.  issued 30,000 shares of 9% preferred stoc, 20 par , and  was subscribed at 26
2. issued 50,000 shares of 30 par  at 33
3. reacquired and retired 4,000 shares of preferred stock at 28
4. reacquired 6000 shares of common  at 35
5. sold 1,000 shares of treasury at 37.

using cost method , prepare entry